解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::One challenge of evolutionary ecology is to predict the rate and mechanisms of population adaptation to environmental variations. The variations in most life history traits are shaped both by individual genotypic and by environmental variation. Forest trees exhibit high levels of genetic diversity, large population si...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12143
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolution has contributed to the successful invasion of exotic plant species in their introduced ranges, but how evolution affects particular control strategies is still under evaluation. For instance, classical biological control, a common strategy involving the utilization of highly specific natural enemies to contr...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12134
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial and temporal trends and variation in life-history traits, including age and length at maturation, can be influenced by environmental and anthropogenic processes, including size-selective exploitation. Spawning adults in many wild Alaskan sockeye salmon populations have become shorter at a given age over the pa...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12123
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation are predicted to mitigate some of the negative biotic consequences of climate change. Here, we evaluate evidence for plastic and evolutionary responses to climate variation in amphibians and reptiles via a literature review and meta-analysis. We included studies that either...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12114
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutral genetic markers are routinely used to define distinct units within species that warrant discrete management. Human-induced changes to gene flow however may reduce the power of such an approach. We tested the efficiency of adaptive versus neutral genetic markers in differentiating temporally divergent migratory...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12095
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Artificial propagation programs focused on production, such as commercial aquaculture or forestry, entail strong domestication selection. Spillover from such programs can cause unintended fitness and demographic consequences for wild conspecifics. The range of possible management practices to minimize such consequence...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12089
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary Afrotropical malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto has a complex population structure. In west Africa, this species is split into two molecular forms and displays local and regional variation in chromosomal arrangements and behaviors. To investigate patterns of macrogeographic population ...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12075
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to its impact on local adaptation, population functioning or range shifts, dispersal is considered a central process for population persistence and species evolution. However, measuring dispersal is complicated, which justifies the use of dispersal proxies. Although appealing, and despite its general relationship ...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12049
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invertebrate pest invasions and outbreaks are associated with high social, economic, and ecological costs, and their significance will intensify with an increasing pressure on agricultural productivity as a result of human population growth and climate change. New molecular genetic and genomic techniques are available...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12071
更新日期:2013-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::All salmonid species investigated to date have been characterized with a male heterogametic sex-determination system. However, as these species do not share any Y-chromosome conserved synteny, there remains a debate on whether they share a common master sex-determining gene. In this study, we investigated the extent o...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12032
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A species of Galápagos tortoise endemic to Española Island was reduced to just 12 females and three males that have been bred in captivity since 1971 and have produced over 1700 offspring now repatriated to the island. Our molecular genetic analyses of juveniles repatriated to and surviving on the island indicate that...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12014
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer development is widely recognized to be a somatic cell evolutionary process with complex dynamics and highly variable time frames. Variant cells and descendent subclones gain competitive advantage via their fitness in relation to micro-environmental selective pressures. In this context, the 'unit' of selection i...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12017
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::If the occurrence of cancer is the result of a random lottery among cells, then body mass, a surrogate for cells number, should predict cancer incidence. Despite some support in humans, this assertion does not hold over the range of different natural animal species where cancer incidence is known. Explaining the so-ca...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12025
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary theory predicts that once an individual reaches an age of sufficiently low Darwinian fitness, (s)he will have reduced chances of keeping cancerous lesions in check. While we clearly need to better understand the emergence of precursor states and early malignancies as well as their mitigation by the microe...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eva.12033
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid evolution has rarely been assessed in biological control systems despite the similarity with biological invasions, which are widely used as model systems. We assessed post-introduction climatic adaptation in a population of Longitarsus jacobaeae, a biological control agent of Jacobaea vulgaris, which originated ...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00264.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oceanic islands have reduced resources and natural enemies and potentially affect life history traits of arriving organisms. Among the most spectacular invasions in the Western hemisphere is that of the Africanized honeybee. We hypothesized that in the oceanic island Puerto Rico, Africanized bees will exhibit differen...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00252.x
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticides commonly occur in aquatic systems and pose a substantial challenge to the conservation of many taxa. Ecotoxicology has traditionally met this challenge by focusing on short-term, single-species tests and conducting risk assessments based on the most sensitive species tested. Rarely have ecotoxicology data b...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00237.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural enemies may go through genetic bottlenecks during the process of biological control introductions. Such bottlenecks are expected to be particularly detrimental in parasitoid Hymenoptera that exhibit complementary sex determination (CSD). CSD is associated with a severe form of inbreeding depression because hom...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00270.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionary effects captive-bred individuals that can have on wild conspecifics are necessary considerations for stock enhancement programs, but breeding protocols are often developed without the knowledge of realized reproductive behavior. To help fill that gap, parentage was assigned to offspring produced by a ...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00234.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interest in the evolution of invasive species has grown in recent years, yet few studies have investigated sources of variation in invasive species traits experiencing natural selection. The spiny water flea, Bythotrephes longimanus, is an invasive zooplankton in the Great Lakes that exhibits seasonal changes in tail ...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00221.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human-induced trait change has been documented in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. These trait changes are driven by phenotypic plasticity and contemporary evolution. While efforts to manage human-induced trait change are beginning to receive some attention, managing its ecological consequence...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00212.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::With global climate change, rainfall is becoming more variable. Predicting the responses of species to changing rainfall levels is difficult because, for example in herbivorous species, these effects may be mediated indirectly through changes in host plant quality. Furthermore, species responses may result from a simu...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00209.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory studies on associations between disease resistance and susceptibility and major histocompatibility (MH) genes in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar have shown the importance of immunogenetics in understanding the capacity of populations to fight specific diseases. However, the occurrence and virulence of pathogens...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00197.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Correlated genetic responses have been hypothesized as important components of fishery-induced evolution, although predictive data from wild populations have been difficult to obtain. Here, we demonstrate substantial genetic correlations between a trait often subjected to fishery selection (adult body length) and trai...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00185.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we compare the evolutionary routes by which bacteria and insects have evolved enzymatic processes for the degradation of four classes of synthetic chemical insecticide. For insects, the selective advantage of such degradative activities is survival on exposure to the insecticide, whereas for the bacteria the adv...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00175.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic change is an emerging topic in evolutionary biology. While highly sensitive species may go extinct in response to anthropogenic habitat alteration, those with broader environmental tolerances may persist and adapt to the changes. Here, we use morphological d...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00170.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fisheries-induced evolution has been hypothesized to delay the recovery of collapsed fish stocks through effects on their productivity. The cod stock in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (SGSL) collapsed in the early 1990s and has shown no recovery since then, due mainly to high natural mortality of adult cod. Age and...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00128.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary theory can be applied to improve agricultural yields and/or sustainability, an approach we call Evolutionary Agroecology. The basic idea is that plant breeding is unlikely to improve attributes already favored by millions of years of natural selection, whereas there may be unutilized potential in selectin...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00144.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preservation of adaptive variation is a top priority of many species restoration programs, but most restoration activities are conducted without direct knowledge of selection that might foster or impair adaptation and restoration goals. In this study, we quantified geographic variation in selection on fry size of enda...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00126.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The early phases of biological invasions are poorly understood. In particular, during the introduction, establishment, and possible lag phases, it is unclear to what extent evolution must take place for an introduced species to transition from established to expanding. In this study, we highlight three disparate data ...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00101.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As pest species may evolve resistance to chemical controls, they may also evolve resistance to cultural control methods. Yearly rotation of corn (Zea mays) with another crop interrupts the life cycle of the western corn rootworm beetle (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), but behavioral resista...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00094.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence of fishery-induced evolution has been accumulating rapidly from various avenues of investigation. Here we review the knowledge gained from experimental approaches. The strength of experiments is in their ability to disentangle genetic from environmental differences. Common garden experiments have provided dir...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00079.x
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eco-genetic individual-based models involve tracking the ecological dynamics of simulated individual organisms that are in part characterized by heritable parameters. We developed an eco-genetic individual-based model to explore ecological and evolutionary interactions of fish growth and maturation schedules. Our mode...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00088.x
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Common garden studies are increasingly used to identify differences in phenotypic traits between native and introduced genotypes, often ignoring sources of among-population variation within each range. We re-analyzed data from 32 common garden studies of 28 plant species that tested for rapid evolution associated with...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00053.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart disease is common in both humans and chimpanzees, manifesting typically as sudden cardiac arrest or progressive heart failure. Surprisingly, although chimpanzees are our closest evolutionary relatives, the major cause of heart disease is different in the two species. Histopathology data of affected chimpanzee he...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00064.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the evolution of clinal variation in an invasive plant, we compared cold hardiness in the introduced saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima, Tamarix chinensis, and hybrids) and the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera). In a shadehouse in Colorado (41°N), we grew plants collected along ...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00044.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crop landraces are managed populations that evolve in response to gene flow and selection. Cross-pollination among fields, seed sharing by farmers, and selection by management and environmental conditions play roles in shaping crop characteristics. We used common gardens to explore the local adaptation of maize (Zea m...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00038.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmon life histories are finely tuned to local environmental conditions, which are intimately linked to climate. We summarize the likely impacts of climate change on the physical environment of salmon in the Pacific Northwest and discuss the potential evolutionary consequences of these changes, with particular refere...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00033.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although contemporary trends indicative of evolutionary change have been detected in the life-history traits of exploited populations, it is not known to what extent fishing influences the evolution of alternative life-history tactics in migratory species such as salmonids. Here, we build a model to predict the evolut...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00022.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review the results of a series of experiments involving Aedes aegypti and its microsporidian parasite Vavraia culicis to illustrate how intra-specific competition and parasitism shape life history traits. More specifically these experiments showed that some major components of virulence are host condition-dependent...
journal_title:Evolutionary applications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2007.00004.x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00